This talk by Foluke Omotayo Areola provided an overview of the major challenges to the sustainability of small-scale fisheries and their governance in Nigeria. It addressed teh gaps in the administration of the legal instruments in the sector and discussed obstacles in the socio-economic development of such artisanal fisheries within the legal structures of Nigeria at federal, State and local levels. The tension between different levels of statutory law and customary law can be considerable. While Nigeria adheres to a large body of international treaties and arrangements many are yet to be domiciled in order to facilitate the transition from vulnerability to viability (V2V). This was the March webinar of the V2V research platform on small-scale fisheries to which Mundus maris is a partner.
Foluke Omotayo Areola is the President-Elect of the African Chapter of the World Aquaculture Society. She is the first Federal Director of Fisheries Quarantine in Nigeria and the first female Acting Federal Director of Fisheries and Aquaculture. She is also a distinguished fellow of the Fisheries Society of Nigeria (FISON), and its first female National President. In her career stretching for decades she had the opportunity to appreciate the difficulties of keeping the functionality of domestic law up to date.
Nigerian small-scale fisheries (SSF) are inland and coastal, multi-species, multi-gear and multi-craft activities providing an estimated 80 to 90 percent of domestic fishfood production according to a 2015 study of the Federal Department of Fisheries. They contribute thus significantly to food security, income and livelihoods by providing a large number of jobs for men and women along the multiple value chains. The size and diversity of the country, the wide distribution of landing and marketing places and staff shortages of federal and State services, however, make it hard to pin down reliable numbers.
In pre-colonial times customary law, exercised through fish festivals, rituals and administered by community elders and priests, regulated fishing effort and access to resources. During colonial times a formal administration over resources was established which gave regional autonomy to legislate the sector. In the post-colonial period legislative acts can be promulgated by federal and State institutions on the basis of the Constitution. The basics are laid down in the 1999 Constitution updated in 2010.
The Federal Government has sole authority over the maritime space, but inland water resources and SSF are also subject to State authority. The Constitution is silent about local governance arrangements. Customary law thus continues de facto to play an important role locally, especially in situations, where statutory law is not represented through sufficient well trained officers and/or where fines for breaking the law are very low compared to the gains from transgressions.
Among the remedial action for improving sector governance and protection of small-scale fishers from multiple threats, such as industrial overfishing in marine waters, oil pollution and other forms of pollution in inland waters, Foluke recommended updating the legal frameworks and capacity building to overcome considerable awareness deficits on the legal framework amongst operators and enforcers. She also advocated substantial and regular funding of sector institutions.
You can watch the full lecture and Q&A session here.