{"id":13583,"date":"2018-02-14T06:00:11","date_gmt":"2018-02-14T06:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/sin-categorizar\/a-detour-in-the-boulbinet-artisanal-fishing-port-in-conakry-guinea\/"},"modified":"2024-11-12T13:08:12","modified_gmt":"2024-11-12T13:08:12","slug":"a-detour-in-the-boulbinet-artisanal-fishing-port-in-conakry-guinea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/es\/entre-tradicion-y-modernidad\/a-detour-in-the-boulbinet-artisanal-fishing-port-in-conakry-guinea\/","title":{"rendered":"A detour in the Boulbinet artisanal fishing port in Conakry, Guinea"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1248px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p>Taking advantage of his stay in Guinea for the needs of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/index.php\/en\/projects\/2017\/1824-prcm-en\">9th PRCM Forum<\/a>, the\u00a0<em>Mundus maris<\/em>\u00a0delegate immersed himself in the artisanal fishing port of Boulbinet in Conakry. The objective was to make an improvised mini-report on the dynamism of this sector, its great socio-economic and cultural importance. But it was also to gather opinions from interlocutors relating to what they consider as new challenges they face due to globalisation.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"399\" height=\"301\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/FaneyawaSoumah.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-4681\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/FaneyawaSoumah-200x151.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/FaneyawaSoumah.jpg 399w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 399px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\">The interviewees were\u00a0fishers and women dependent on this sector from various angles.\u00a0<span class=\"\">This successful field trip would not have been possible without the assistance of Mr Faneyawa Soumah, charismatic leader and national coordinator of Guinea artisanal fishing landing docks.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"margin-top:50px;--awb-margin-top:50px;--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:16px;--awb-content-font-size:var(--awb-typography4-font-size);--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:var(--awb-color2);--awb-border-color:var(--awb-color3);--awb-background-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-divider-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-divider-hover-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-icon-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color5);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color6);--awb-icon-box-color:var(--awb-color5);--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-title-font-family:var(--awb-typography1-font-family);--awb-title-font-weight:var(--awb-typography1-font-weight);--awb-title-font-style:var(--awb-typography1-font-style);--awb-title-font-size:16px;--awb-content-font-family:var(--awb-typography4-font-family);--awb-content-font-weight:var(--awb-typography4-font-weight);--awb-content-font-style:var(--awb-typography4-font-style);\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-boxed\" id=\"accordion-13583-1\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-977a4cc0b988cc3c7 fusion-toggle-has-divider\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color5);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color6);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_977a4cc0b988cc3c7\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"977a4cc0b988cc3c7\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#977a4cc0b988cc3c7\" href=\"#977a4cc0b988cc3c7\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">1. Intensive daily activities: Illustration of the economic, social and cultural importance of the artisanal fisheries<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"977a4cc0b988cc3c7\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_977a4cc0b988cc3c7\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span title=\"A l\u2019instar du contexte pr\u00e9valant dans la quasi-totalit\u00e9 des pays de la sous-r\u00e9gion, Boulbinet grouille de monde quotidiennement et vingt-quatre heures sur vingt-quatre.\">Like the context prevailing in almost all the countries of the sub-region, Boulbinet is swarming with people\u00a0twenty-four hours a day,\u00a0every day.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Tant dans l\u2019enceinte m\u00eame du port que dans ses zones p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques, on assiste \u00e0 d\u2019intenses activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques que ce soit du secteur formel ou informel : \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\">Both in the port itself and in its adjacent areas, there is intense economic activity in both the formal and informal sectors:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span title=\"Usines de fabrication de glace, denr\u00e9e devenue de plus en plus n\u00e9cessaire pour les p\u00eacheurs contraints d\u2019allonger la dur\u00e9e des mar\u00e9es; \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\">Ice-making factories, a commodity that has become indispensible for fishermen forced to prolong their fishing trips;<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span title=\"Petits magasins o\u00f9 les p\u00eacheurs peuvent trouver des \u00e9quipements et gr\u00e9ements de p\u00eacheurs en neuf ou seconde main; \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\">Small shops where fishermen can find new or second hand\u00a0equipment and rigging;<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Women m<span title=\"Micro \u2013mareyeuses en frais install\u00e9es \u00e0 m\u00eame le march\u00e9 construit sur le site; \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\">icro-vendors of fresh fish installed in the market built on the site;<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span title=\"Points de vente de denr\u00e9es alimentaires; \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\">Points of sale of foodstuffs;<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span title=\"Femmes sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es dans le fumage notamment le barracuda, le machoiron et la sardinelle plate; \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\">Women specialised in fish smoking including barracuda, machoiron and flat sardinella;<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span title=\"Divers m\u00e9tiers tels que m\u00e9canique moteurs hors-bord, charpentiers; \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\">Various trades such as mechanics for outboard motors, carpenters;<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span title=\"Restaurants en plein air; \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\">Outdoor restaurants;<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span title=\"Autres petits commerces: coiffeurs, vendeurs de friperies. \">Other small businesses: hairdressers, thrift stores.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span title=\"L\u2019intensit\u00e9 de ces activit\u00e9s au sein du d\u00e9barcad\u00e8re de m\u00eame que dans toute sa p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie d\u00e9montre ais\u00e9ment l\u2019importance de la p\u00eache artisanale sous les angles social et \u00e9conomique.\">The intensity of these activities within the landing site as well as throughout its periphery easily demonstrates the importance of artisanal fisheries from the social and economic points of view.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Il y a de m\u00eame dans d'autres pays de la sous-r\u00e9gion.\">The same is true in other countries of the subregion.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-6a65ec175d653acaf fusion-toggle-has-divider\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color5);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color6);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_6a65ec175d653acaf\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"6a65ec175d653acaf\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#6a65ec175d653acaf\" href=\"#6a65ec175d653acaf\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\"> 2. The culinary traditions are strongly dependent on small-scale fisheries products<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"6a65ec175d653acaf\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_6a65ec175d653acaf\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>Beyond the predominant role of small-scale fishing in Guinea, particularly the Boulbinet landing site, which creates countless jobs in situ, this sector contributes significantly to food security.\u00a0<span class=\"\">Indeed, Guinea is one of the West African countries where \u00abeating fish\u00bb occupies an important place in the culinary traditions.<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"\">Like the conditions prevailing throughout the subregion, there is a large disparity in terms of reliance on fishery products depending on whether one is in coastal, rural or forest areas.<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"\">As for Conakry, a coastal city, fish has always been a dominant part of food habits.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4701 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/FishForEveryTaste_Purse.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/FishForEveryTaste_Purse-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/FishForEveryTaste_Purse-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/FishForEveryTaste_Purse.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span title=\"Dans le plateau de produits propos\u00e9s, le \u00ab fum\u00e9 \u00bb (machoiron, baracuda et des petits p\u00e9lagiques) est l\u2019un des favoris.\">In the plate of products on offer, the \u00absmoked fish\u00bb (sea-catfish, barracuda and small pelagics) is among the favorites.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"La mani\u00e8re traditionnelle de pr\u00e9parer les plats permet \u00e0 tout un chacun de trouver un plat correspondant \u00e0 sa bourse : poisson en entier ou en morceaux vendu \u00e0 la pi\u00e8ce, accompagn\u00e9 de riz local ou d\u2019Ati\u00e9k\u00e9 (semoule de manioc).\">The traditional recipes allow everyone to find a dish corresponding to his or her purse: whole fish or slices sold by the piece, accompanied by local rice or Ati\u00e9k\u00e9 (cassava semolina).\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Le poisson est si important pour certaines communaut\u00e9s, qu\u2019il est pris t\u00f4t le matin d\u00e8s 9h00, notamment le machoiron fum\u00e9 en sauce accompagn\u00e9 de riz local.\">Fish is so important to some communities that it is consumed already early in the morning at 9:00 am, including smoked catfish in sauce with local rice.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Eu \u00e9gard \u00e0 la valeur culturelle attribu\u00e9e aux produits de la p\u00eache avec des pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences en fonction des groupes ethniques (cas du machoiron pour les Soussous), \u0153uvrer pour la durabilit\u00e9 de la p\u00eache devient un imp\u00e9ratif dans la mesure o\u00f9 m\u00eame la durabilit\u00e9 sur le plan culturel\">Given the cultural value attributed to fishery products with preferences according to ethnic groups (case of catfish for the Soussou), working for the sustainability of fishing becomes imperative as even cultural sustainability\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"en d\u00e9pendra.\">will depend on it.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Il va sans dire que pour les communaut\u00e9s de p\u00eacheurs elles-m\u00eames, la valeur culturelle attribu\u00e9e \u00e0 l'activit\u00e9 \u00ab p\u00eache \u00bb au-del\u00e0 de sa dimension \u00e9conomique ne se limite pas aux aspects strictement culinaires (voir entretien avec F. Soumah, leader charismatique\">It goes without saying that for the fishing communities themselves, the cultural value attributed to the \u00abfishing\u00bb activity beyond its economic dimension is not limited to strictly culinary aspects (see the\u00a0<a href=\"\/between-tradition-and-modernity\/interview-with-f-soumah-leader-of-artisanal-fishers\/\">interview<\/a>\u00a0with F. Soumah, charismatic\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"de la p\u00eache artisanale nationale).\">national\u00a0<span title=\"Il va sans dire que pour les communaut\u00e9s de p\u00eacheurs elles-m\u00eames, la valeur culturelle attribu\u00e9e \u00e0 l'activit\u00e9 \u00ab p\u00eache \u00bb au-del\u00e0 de sa dimension \u00e9conomique ne se limite pas aux aspects strictement culinaires (voir entretien avec F. Soumah, leader charismatique\">leader\u00a0<\/span>in the artisanal fisheries).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\">It is important to note that, in addition to restaurants specialised in these smoked products, there are other open-air restaurants in Conakry, serving freshly fried fish, accompanied mainly by Aloko (plantain bananas fried in palm oil or peanut oil) and \/ or Ati\u00e9k\u00e9. With the extension of the city of Conakry and the problems of urban mobility pushing many workers to work without a long pause at lunch time, these types of outdoor restaurants proliferate. Finally, it is necessary to mention a striking fact regarding these places, which catches the observer&#8217;s eye. They have become almost entirely dependent on \u00abfrozen fish channels\u00bb for their supply. Meeting a woman who gets fresh supplies directly from artisanal fishermen is becoming an exception to the rule.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-71885343ee8a61675 fusion-toggle-has-divider\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color5);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color6);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_71885343ee8a61675\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"71885343ee8a61675\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#71885343ee8a61675\" href=\"#71885343ee8a61675\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">3. Contribution to the sub-regional socio-economic integration: The little documented or simply forgotten roles of women in artisanal postharvest activities<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"71885343ee8a61675\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_71885343ee8a61675\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><span title=\"L\u2019int\u00e9gration de la r\u00e9gion ouest africaine et plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment en ce qui concerne l\u2019espace CEDEAO est de mani\u00e8re coutumi\u00e8re appr\u00e9ci\u00e9e et \u00e9valu\u00e9e beaucoup plus \u00e0 partir des institutions dites conventionnelles y travaillant.\">The integration of the West African region, and more specifically the ECOWAS region, is customarily appreciated and evaluated mostly by the so-called conventional institutions working there.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"En revanche, la contribution des femmes de la p\u00eache en faveur du d\u00e9veloppement des \u00e9changes intra-r\u00e9gionaux est peu connue, voire ignor\u00e9e.\">On the other hand, the contribution of fisher womenfolk to the development of intra-regional trade is little known or even ignored.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Pour le cas de la Guin\u00e9e, \u00e0 partir du port de Boulbinet (encore plus de Bonfi et de Taminataye, zones de l\u2019agglom\u00e9ration de Conakry) les femmes transforment des quantit\u00e9s importantes de produits en \u00ab fum\u00e9s \u00bb.\">In the case of Guinea, starting from the port of Boulbinet (still more so than Bonfi and Taminataye, areas of the Conakry conurbation), women transform large quantities of fish into \u00absmoked products\u00bb.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Les produits fum\u00e9s sont constitu\u00e9s principalement de machoirons, barracudas et de sardinelles plates dont une partie est consomm\u00e9e localement et l\u2019autre destin\u00e9e vers quelques pays de la sous-r\u00e9gion \u00e0 partir du march\u00e9 si c\u00e9l\u00e8bre de N\u2019Z\u00e9r\u00e9kor\u00e9.\">These consist mainly of catfish, barracudas and flat sardinella, some of which is consumed locally and otherwise destined for some countries of the sub-region from the famous N&#8217;Z\u00e9r\u00e9kor\u00e9 market.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Ce march\u00e9 localis\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re strat\u00e9gique entre la Guin\u00e9e et certains des Etats voisins est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 ainsi comme un \u00ab point d\u2019\u00e9clatement \u00bb de certains produits typiquement guin\u00e9ens ayant beaucoup de succ\u00e8s dans la sous-r\u00e9gion car \u00e9tant des labels.\">This strategically located market between Guinea and some of the neighboring states is considered as a \u00abdistribution-point\u00bb of some typically Guinean products that are very successful in the sub-region because they are labels.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"C\u2019est le cas du machoiron fum\u00e9 de Guin\u00e9e qui a une tr\u00e8s haute valeur commerciale notamment au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal.\">This is the case of the Guinean smoked catfish which has a very high commercial value, especially in Senegal.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span title=\"Les femmes ont traditionellement domin\u00e9 une bonne partie de la fili\u00e8re \u00ab post-capture \u00bb.\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4711 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/RepasPoissonBoulbinet2017.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/RepasPoissonBoulbinet2017-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/RepasPoissonBoulbinet2017-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/RepasPoissonBoulbinet2017.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/>Women have traditionally dominated much of the post-capture industry.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Assez similaire \u00e0 ce que nous avons document\u00e9 dans plusieures localit\u00e9s au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, nous trouvons de nombreuses femmes pas seulement dans la transformation et le conditionnement du produit frais, mais aussi dans le commerce locale et sous-r\u00e9gional jusque dans les pays du Sahel.\">Similar to what we have documented in many localities in Senegal, we find many women not only in the processing and conditioning of fresh produce, but also in local and sub-regional trade in the Sahelian countries.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Comme d\u00e9j\u00e0 mentionn\u00e9, elles sont onmipr\u00e9sentes dans la restauration en plein air. \">As already mentioned, they are omnipresent in outdoor catering.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"Or, leurs conditions de procuration de la mati\u00e8re premi\u00e8re ont beaucoup chang\u00e9 ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es comme r\u00e9sultat des mutations dans la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et l'organisation du travail dans les diff\u00e9rentes fili\u00e8res.\">However, their negotiating power to access raw material has changed a lot in recent years as a result of changes in the ownership and organisation of work in the various sub-sectors.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Ainsi, les investisseurs \u00e9trangers avec leur pouvoir d'achat et d'impact sur l'organisation du travail ont d\u00e9sormais coup\u00e9 bonne partie des relations directes qui existaient entre les p\u00eacheurs et les femmes transformatrices et commer\u00e7antes.\">Thus, foreign investors with their purchasing power and impact on the work organisation have now cut off much of the direct relationship that existed between the fishers and women processors and traders.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Rare sont maintenant les femmes qui peuvent encore acc\u00e9der au produit fraichement d\u00e9barqu\u00e9, alors qu'elles sont de plus en plus confront\u00e9es avec un produit soit congel\u00e9 en vrac, soit un produit emball\u00e9 (voir description de Mme Fofana ci-apr\u00e8s).\">Rare are now the women who can still access the freshly landed\u00a0product. Instead,\u00a0they are increasingly confronted with a bulk frozen or packaged product (see description by Ms. Fofana below).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"\">These changing conditions in Conakry have probably also played a role in the migration of many Guinean women to southern Senegal where they contribute in particular in Kafountine to the important growth of the artisanal fishery. They deal particularly in\u00a0<\/span>fresh fish (sardinella, rays, etc.), which they smoke and trade in the sub-region.\u00a0<span class=\"\">This was documented in film on artisanal fishing in Casamance shot by Thomas Grand of Zideoprod and co-sponsored by\u00a0<em>Mundus maris<\/em>.<\/span>\u00a0The film will soon be available for release.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-2781eb95c5037ae6b fusion-toggle-has-divider\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color5);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color6);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_2781eb95c5037ae6b\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"2781eb95c5037ae6b\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#2781eb95c5037ae6b\" href=\"#2781eb95c5037ae6b\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">4. Threats to artisanal fisheries cast doubts on their sustainability<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"2781eb95c5037ae6b\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_2781eb95c5037ae6b\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\">Despite the importance of small-scale fishing on the social, economic and cultural levels as we have tried to illustrate in the preceding pages, their sustainability is now in question. <span class=\"\">The interviews conducted during the multiple visits to Boulbinet with women directly involved in fishing or catering activities as well as fishers mention a combination of factors that are not likely to ensure long term<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ol type=\"i\">\n<li>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\">access to healthy resources capable of producing maximum sustainable yield for the thousands of fishers<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\">sufficient domestic revenue for Guinea from the fisheries exercised in its waters, which are indispensible financial resources for the state and its citizens<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\">coverage of animal protein needs of the households from fisheries products and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\">maintenance of jobs on which tens of thousands of people depend for their liveiihood.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"\">Several problems have been pointed out by our interlocutors as being the factors seriously threatening small-scale fishing. As a direct consequence, this would lead to the deterioration of the living conditions of the tens of thousands of people who depend on the jobs in the fisheries value chain.<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"\">Among these the most frequently mentioned factors revolve around the marginalisation of local women and men entrepreneurs and their perceptions about the changes taking place.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4670 alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Boulbinet02.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Boulbinet02-200x151.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Boulbinet02-300x226.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Boulbinet02.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-30a9919626901f999 fusion-toggle-has-divider\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color5);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color6);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_30a9919626901f999\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"30a9919626901f999\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#30a9919626901f999\" href=\"#30a9919626901f999\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">5. Globalisation and the marginalisation of local entrepreneurs, both men and women<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"30a9919626901f999\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_30a9919626901f999\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><span title=\"Si la globalisation par opposition \u00e0 la mondialisation a trait \u00e0 l\u2019expansion des march\u00e9s, il s\u2019agit d\u2019un processus qui a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 affecter les p\u00eacheries ouest africaines \u2013 y compris le sous-secteur artisanal - depuis plusieurs d\u00e9cennies.\">If globalisation is about market expansion, it is a process that has begun to affect West African fisheries &#8211; including the artisanal sub-sector &#8211; for several decades.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"En effet ces derni\u00e8res connaissent depuis si longtemps la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019investisseurs \u00e9trangers.\">Indeed, foreign investors have been around for some time.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Ceux-ci ont toujours d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 les strat\u00e9gies de p\u00e9n\u00e9tration du secteur en tenant compte des contextes locaux d'une part mais aussi en les adaptant \u00e0 leurs besoins de l'autre.\">These have always developed penetration strategies for this sub-sector taking into account local contexts, but also adapting the sub-sector to their needs.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Il en est ainsi, en guise d'illustrations de quelques-unes de ces strat\u00e9gies ayant eu cours (i) introduction d'engins de p\u00eache pour la sous-fili\u00e8re artisanale des c\u00e9phalopodes par les japonais en passant par les mareyeurs (ii) acquisition de\">This is illustrated by some of these strategies which have already been in place (i) introduction of fishing gear\u00a0<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\">through the fishmongers<\/span>\u00a0for the artisanal sub-sector of cephalopods by the Japanese (ii) acquisition of\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"propres unit\u00e9s de production \/ pirogues de la part des usiniers exportateurs pour \u00e9viter des ruptures en approvisionnement (iii) recours aux comp\u00e9tences \/ aptitudes dont rec\u00e8lent les communaut\u00e9s de p\u00eacheurs pour le recrutement de marins \u00e0 bord de bateaux de p\u00eache hauturi\u00e8re de senneurs et canneurs, mais\">own production units \/ pirogues from exporting processing plants to avoid supply disruptions; (iii) use of the skills \/ abilities of fishing communities for recruiting fishers on deep-sea purse seiners and pole-and-line vessels;\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"aussi la p\u00eache oc\u00e9anique \u00e0 l'albacore dans l'Oc\u00e9an indien, etc.\">also oceanic fishing for yellowfin tuna in the Indian Ocean, etc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4716\" src=\"http:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/ChineseShopsKaloum.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/ChineseShopsKaloum-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/ChineseShopsKaloum-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/ChineseShopsKaloum.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span title=\"Ainsi, la Guin\u00e9e comme faisant partie int\u00e9grant de cette \u00e9cor\u00e9gion ne saurait \u00eatre \u00e9pargn\u00e9e par ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne.\">Thus, Guinea as an integral part of this ecoregion can not be spared by this phenomenon.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Mais si la globalisation n\u2019est pas un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne r\u00e9cent, ces promoteurs sont \u00e0 la recherche perp\u00e9tuelle de strat\u00e9gies en vue de s\u2019assurer un approvisionnement r\u00e9gulier en produits, quels que ce soient les impacts que cela pourrait engendrer.\">But though globalisation is not a recent phenomenon, these promoters are in perpetual search for strategies to ensure a regular supply of products, whatever the local impact this could provoke.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"En effet, lors des passages multiples dans ce site au cours de cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es permet de palper l\u2019emprise croissante de la globalisation des march\u00e9s sur la p\u00eache artisanale et sur les communaut\u00e9s qui en d\u00e9pendent.\">Indeed, the multiple visits in this site during the last five years allow to get a strong sense of the growing influence of globalisation of the markets on the artisanal fisheries and on the communities which depend on them.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Parmi ces faits, les plus marquants sont : \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\">Among these facts, the most striking are:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ol type=\"I\">\n<li>A new strategy of Korean investors consists of owning their own artisanal fishing units and recruit labour among artisanal fishers. They target\u00a0Law croaker\u00a0and\u00a0Senegalese tonguesole\u00a0for export. The catches are landed at the port of Boulbinet: croaker and tonguesole for export and the rest of accidental catches known as \u00abAfrican fish\u00bb marketed to women micro-fish sellers and smokers (including catfish);<\/li>\n<li><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span title=\"Une sous fili\u00e8re mise en place r\u00e9cemment d\u00e9nomm\u00e9e \u00ab p\u00eache artisanale avanc\u00e9e \u00bb initi\u00e9e par les Chinois et en plein essor, utilise des petits bateaux en bois avec moteur inbord dont les pi\u00e8ces sont \u00e9labor\u00e9s en Thailande et rassembl\u00e9es en Guin\u00e9e.\">A sub-sector set up recently called \u00abadvanced artisanal fishing\u00bb was initiated by the Chinese and is in full swing. It uses small wooden boats with inbord\u00a0engines\u00a0the parts of which are prefabricated in Thailand and assembled in Guinea.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"A bord de ces petits bateaux sont recrut\u00e9s environs une dizaine de p\u00eacheurs artisans, avec un chinois embarqu\u00e9 pour contr\u00f4ler les op\u00e9rations de p\u00eache.\">On board these small boats about ten artisanal fishers\u00a0are recruited\u00a0with a Chinese supervisor boarded to control the fishing operations.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"La sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 de cette sous fili\u00e8re est que les d\u00e9barquements sont faits au niveau du Port autonome de Conakry o\u00f9 les chinois ont am\u00e9nag\u00e9 des entrep\u00f4ts frigorifiques o\u00f9 l\u2019othilite et la sole sont conditionn\u00e9s pour \u00eatre export\u00e9s.\">The specificity of this sub-sector is that landings are made at the Autonomous Port of Conakry where the Chinese have set up cold stores where the croaker and tonguesole are packaged for export.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Cela rend davantage difficile d\u2019assurer la tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 des produits et de conna\u00eetre les quantit\u00e9s prises.\">This makes it more difficult to ensure the traceability of products and to know the quantities taken.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Le reste, le \u00ab poisson africain \u00bb, est commercialis\u00e9 au grand march\u00e9 urbain de Conakry d\u00e9nomm\u00e9 KENIE par les Chinois qui passent par des agents recrut\u00e9s (des femmes).\">The rest, the \u00abAfrican fish\u00bb, is marketed in the large urban market of Conakry called KENIE by the Chinese who use women as recruited agents.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"C\u2019est \u00e0 partir de ce march\u00e9 que bon nombre de femmes - qui s\u2019approvisionnaient auparavant \u00e0 m\u00eame le port de Boulbinet - ach\u00e8tent les produits.\">It is from this market that many women &#8211; who used to source their goods fresh from the port of Boulbinet &#8211; buy the raw material.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Il s\u2019agit de m\u00e9nag\u00e8res, femmes restauratrices ou transformatrices\">These are housewives, caterers and processors.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\">There is another category of Chinese operators, who, contrary to the two previous groups do not own vessels, but rather concentrate on collecting fresh produce directly from artisanal fishers with the help of fish mongers. They are only interested in croaker, which they export through their circuits kept secret. There as well is a problem of product traceability.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span title=\"Sur la voie de Chinatown ?\">On the way to Chinatown?\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Au-del\u00e0 de cette pr\u00e9sence physique de ces asiatiques dans la p\u00eache artisanale qui illustre en quoi la globalisation est un processus qui va vite et loin (l\u00e0 o\u00f9 one ne l'attendait point il y'a quelques ann\u00e9es en arri\u00e8re), il y'\">Beyond the physical presence of these Asians in the artisanal fishery illustrating how globalisation is a process that goes fast and far (where one did not expect it only a few years back), there is\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"a un autre fait marquant qui d\u00e9note de l'emprise de la globalisation sur les communaut\u00e9s de p\u00eacheurs en Guin\u00e9e.\">another highlight showing the influence of globalisation on the fishing communities in Guinea.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Il s\u2019agit du processus d\u2019implantation des chinois dans l\u2019un des quartiers les plus traditionnels de Conakry, \u00e0 savoir Kaloum dont fait partie int\u00e9grante Boulbinet et \u00e0 environs trois m\u00e8tres du port de Boulbinet.\">This is the process of settling the Chinese in one of the most traditional neighborhoods of Conakry, Kaloum. Boulbinet is an integral part of Kaloum and a stone&#8217;s throw away from the port of Boulbinet.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"On y trouve dor\u00e9navant : magasins d\u2019alimentation, restaurants et autres coins pour massage ayant l\u2019allure de maisons closes, tous r\u00e9serv\u00e9s exclusivement aux chinois o\u00f9 le tentatif de l'auteur de faire un achat a \u00e9t\u00e9 refoul\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieures reprises.\">There are now food shops, restaurants and massage areas with the appearance of brothels, all reserved exclusively for Chinese, where the attempt of the author to make a purchase has been rejected repeatedly.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"La chose la plus extraordinaire est le caract\u00e8re si ferm\u00e9 de ces endroits r\u00e9serv\u00e9s \u00e0 eux alors qu\u2019ils sont am\u00e9nag\u00e9s en plein centre de ce quartier populaire.\">The most extraordinary thing is the closed nature of these places reserved for the Chinese all the while being located in the centre of this popular district.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\">L<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span title=\"Les op\u00e9rateurs libanais: P\u00eacheurs sportifs tout court ?\">ebanese operators: just sport fishermen?\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"P\u00eacheurs artisanaux commerciaux propri\u00e9taires et \/ ou poissonniers exportateurs? \">Commercial artisanal fisher boat owners and \/ or fishmongers exporters?<br \/>\n<\/span><span title=\"Si l\u2019implantations des asiatiques ci avant d\u00e9crites d\u00e9notent de mutations profondes dans la trajectoire des p\u00eacheries artisanales guin\u00e9ennes, la pr\u00e9sence des Libanais en est une autre illustration.\">If the settlements of the Asian operators described above indicate profound changes in the trajectory of Guinean artisanal fisheries, the activities of the Lebanese is another illustration of ongoing changes.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Depuis environs quatre \u00e0 cinq ans, on assiste \u00e0 l\u2019arriv\u00e9e de ces derniers en nombre croissant.\">Since about four to five years, we are seeing the arrival of increasing numbers of Lebanese.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Leur sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 r\u00e9side dans le fait (i) qu'une bonne partie d'entre eux d\u00e9tiennent leur propre unit\u00e9 de p\u00eache et (ii) qu'ils tiennent tous des poissonneries \u00e0 partir desquels ils commercialisent des esp\u00e8ces nobles destin\u00e9es principalement vers l'exportation :\">Their specificity lies in the fact that (i) a good number of them hold their own fishing unit and (ii) they own or control all fish shops through which they sell high value species intended mainly for export:\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Europe, Afrique aussi.\">Europe, Africa too.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"A la demande des clients, les produits peuvent \u00eatre conditionn\u00e9s en frais dans des caisses en polystyr\u00e8ne.\">At the request of their customers, products can be packaged in fresh polystyrene boxes.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"En peu de temps, le nombre de ces poissonneries s\u2019est accru dans le quartier de Kaloum \/ Boulbinet.\">In a short period of time, the number of these fishmongers increased in the district of Kaloum \/ Boulbinet.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Un des aspects assez intriguant de cette fili\u00e8re est que ces op\u00e9rateurs se d\u00e9clarent \u00ab pratiquer la p\u00eache sportive \u00bb en d\u00e9pit du caract\u00e8re commercial de leurs activit\u00e9s.\">One of the rather intriguing aspects of this sector is that these operators declare themselves as \u00abpractising sport fishing\u00bb despite the commercial nature of their activities.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4721\" src=\"http:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/MaisonChinoisKaloum.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/MaisonChinoisKaloum-200x151.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/MaisonChinoisKaloum-300x226.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/MaisonChinoisKaloum.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-72f78fb27788ac116 fusion-toggle-has-divider\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color5);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color6);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_72f78fb27788ac116\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"72f78fb27788ac116\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#72f78fb27788ac116\" href=\"#72f78fb27788ac116\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">6. The perception of local actors, women and men<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"72f78fb27788ac116\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_72f78fb27788ac116\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span title=\"En ternes d\u2019impacts engendr\u00e9s par la globalisation des march\u00e9s, les avis les plus concordants recueillis aupr\u00e8s des actrices et acteurs rencontr\u00e9(e)s peuvent se r\u00e9sumer en ces points suivants: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\">In terms of the impacts generated by the globalisation of the markets, the most concordant opinions gathered from the men and women met can be summarised in these points:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span title=\"Tout d\u2019abord, ils d\u00e9noncent les menaces que comportent les pratiques des chinois et cor\u00e9ens qui ciblent exclusivement l\u2019othilite (plus particuli\u00e8rement) et la sole sur l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me marin.\">First, they denounce the threats posed for\u00a0the marine ecosystem\u00a0by Chinese and Korean practices that target exclusively croakers (more specifically) and tonguesole.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Selon ces derniers si aucune mesure efficace n'est prise de mani\u00e8re urgente, il faudra s'attendre \u00e0 un effondrement des stocks d'othilite par surp\u00eache dans le moyen, voire court terme, car d\u00e9j\u00e0 une place importante des mises \u00e0 terre visibles sont constitu\u00e9es\">According to the informants, if no effective measures are taken as a matter of urgency, they expect the stocks of croakers tol collapse from overfishing in the medium or even the short term, because already an important part of the visible landings are constituted\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"par des juveniles (petites tailles).\">by juveniles (small sizes).\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"En outre, la valeur des prises couvre parfois gu\u00e8re les co\u00fbts de la mar\u00e9e de plus en plus longues.\">In addition, the value of the catches sometimes scarcely covers the costs of the fishing trips getting longer and longer.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Des mar\u00e9es plus longues engendre le besoin d'acheter davantage de glace en r\u00e9duisant ult\u00e9rieurement la rentabilit\u00e9.\">Longer trips force to buy more of the expensive ice and thus reduce profitability.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"C'est une spirale n\u00e9faste en d\u00e9pit d'une exp\u00e9rimentation accrue sur comment r\u00e9duire la quantit\u00e9 de glace sans porter atteint \u00e0 la fraicheur du poisson.\">This is a damaging downward spiral despite increased experimentation on how to reduce the amount of ice without compromising the freshness of the fish.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Les locaux sont d'autant plus pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s par le sort r\u00e9serv\u00e9 \u00e0 ces esp\u00e8ces quand ils s'aper\u00e7oivent que cette forte pression sur l'otilite tend \u00e0 se synchroniser \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle de la sous-r\u00e9gion (les m\u00eames armateurs \u00e9tant op\u00e9rationnels en Guin\u00e9e Bissau\">The locals are all the more concerned about the fate of these species when they realise that this strong pressure on croakers tends to synchronize at the scale of the subregion (the same owners operating in Guinea Bissau<\/span><span title=\").\">).\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Aussi, l\u2019opacit\u00e9 caract\u00e9risant les fili\u00e8res asiatiques et libanaise pose un probl\u00e8me de gestion et de gouvernance des p\u00eaches eu \u00e9gard aux contraintes \u00e0 majeure \u00e0 informer la tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 des produits qu\u2019ils p\u00eachent et exportent.\">Also, the opacity typical of how the Asian and Lebanese investors operate poses a problem of management and governance of fisheries in view of the major constraints to inform the traceability of the products they fish and export.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span title=\"Au-del\u00e0 de l'impact n\u00e9gatif sur la ressource attendu de cette surcapacit\u00e9 de p\u00eache, d'autres cons\u00e9quences directes en d\u00e9coulant ont \u00e9t\u00e9 soulev\u00e9s: D'abord pour les femmes, les changements intervenus dans la structure de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 (contr\u00f4le progressif des moyens\">Beyond the expected negative impact\u00a0of this fishing overcapacity\u00a0on the resource, other direct consequences have been raised: First, for the women, the changes in the ownership structure (progressive control\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"de production par les asiatiques et les libanais) impactent sur l'organisation sociale dans la mesure o\u00f9 les conditions d'acc\u00e8s aux produits ont chang\u00e9.\">by Asians and Lebanese) have an impact on the social organisation as the conditions of access to products have changed.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"En effet les possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019achat \u00e0 cr\u00e9dit et d\u2019obtention de prix pr\u00e9f\u00e9rentiels aupr\u00e8s des p\u00eacheurs sont de moins en moins de rigueur.\">Indeed the women have fewer possibilities to purchase on credit and obtain preferential prices from fishers.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"De m\u00eame, plusieurs femmes qui s\u2019approvisionnaient aupr\u00e8s des p\u00eacheurs \u00e0 m\u00eame le port sont oblig\u00e9es de se rendre au march\u00e9 de KENIE \u00e0 quelques encablures de l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les asiatiques mettent en vente leurs prises secondaires d\u00e9nomm\u00e9es \u00ab poisson africain \u00bb.\">In the same way, several women who obtained their supplies from fishers directly at the quai are obliged to go to the KENIE market, not far from where the Asians sell their bycatch known as \u00abAfrican fish\u00bb.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Cette nouvelle donne a des effets n\u00e9gatifs directs sur l\u2019organisation du travail (plus de temps imparti \u00e0 l\u2019achat du produit dans une ville connue pour ses embouteillages) et par cons\u00e9quent au niveau des co\u00fbts de transaction (plus de frais impliqu\u00e9s).\">This new situation has direct negative effects on the organisation of work (more time spent buying the product in a city known for its traffic jams) and consequently higher transaction costs.<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4726 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/MagazinOuvert.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/MagazinOuvert-200x151.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/MagazinOuvert-300x226.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/MagazinOuvert.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\">Another worry concerns the impact of these developments on local food security. In the occasion of visiting one of the open air restaurants serving only fish with Aloko situated in a famous part of the capital called Brikomomo, Madame Fofana, manager of the place, said:<\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><em>\u00abOnly seven or eight years ago,\u00a0<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span title=\"Il y\u2019a encore sept \u00e0 huit ans, nous achetions du poisson entass\u00e9 \u00e0 m\u00eame le quai que nous nous chargions de mettre dans nos bassines.\">we bought fish piled up directly on the dock and we took care ourselves to put in our basins.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Mais depuis, je ne vois que du poisson d\u00e9j\u00e0 emball\u00e9 en carton et le plus souvent congel\u00e9, que nous devons par cons\u00e9quent d\u00e9geler avant de le cuisinier.\">But since then, I see only fish already packed in cardboard and most often frozen, which we must therefore thaw before cooking.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Aussi, nous ne savons plus d\u2019o\u00f9 \u00e7a vient, qui l\u2019a p\u00each\u00e9 m\u00eame si au fond, nous sommes s\u00fbrs que cela vient des eaux de Guin\u00e9e.\">Also, we do not know where it comes from, who fished it even if basically, we are rather sure that it comes from Guinean waters.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Mes clients commandent des portions plus petites qu\u2019avant car le poisson est devenu cher.\">My customers order smaller portions than before because the fish has become expensive.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Je ne comprends pas pourquoi le poulet que nous importons congel\u00e9 peut \u00eatre parfois moins cher que le poisson alors que nous sommes entour\u00e9s des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des ports de Boulbinet et Taminataye.\">I do not understand why the chicken that we import frozen can sometimes be cheaper than the fish while we are surrounded on both sides of the ports of Boulbinet and Taminataye.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Moi, je sais que si le poisson est devenu cher, c\u2019est aussi parce que tout part \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger et cela va poser probl\u00e8me parce que les gens ne pourront plus continuer \u00e0 manger.\">I know that if the fish has become expensive, it is also because everything goes abroad and it will become a problem because people will no longer be able to eat.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Regardez la quantit\u00e9 de petits maquereaux et chinchards que je sers aujourd\u2019hui et tout est achet\u00e9 par des clients dont certains pr\u00e9f\u00e9raient rester \u00e0 jeun que manger ces deux esp\u00e8ces.\">Look at the quantity of small mackerels and horse mackerel that I serve today and everything is bought by customers, some of whom preferred to stay on an empty stomach instead of eating these two species.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Peut \u00eatre qu\u2019il y\u2019a des ethnies qui adorent \u00e7a mais ici au restaurant cela n\u2019a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 le plat alors que maintenant\">Maybe there are ethnic groups who love it, but here in the restaurant it was never the dish, while now<\/span><\/span>&#8230;.\u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\">\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\">We are therefore approaching a similar situation to Nigeria where large quantities of \u00abAfrican fish\u00bb frozen in bulk by industrial vessels offset the scarcity of fish in the country&#8217;s waters in the face of strong demand. With the difference that the Guinean waters and all those of its neighbours to the north of Africa were among the richest in the world. But IUU fishing is causing widespread overfishing. Thus species with high international market value whose populations are already greatly reduced are accessible only by the rich &#8211; whether at home or abroad. The small pelagics often caught in Senegal and Mauritania &#8211; fortunately of good nutritional value &#8211; are still within the reach of the populations as long as they are not reduced to fishmeal and fish oil to feed salmon and other carnivorous species fattened in fish\u00a0<span class=\"\">cages eg in Norway &#8211; or China for that matter.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4731\" src=\"http:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/KayarApril2013-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/KayarApril2013-1-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/KayarApril2013-1-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/KayarApril2013-1.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span title=\"Ceci constitue un argument suppl\u00e9mentaire pour les partisans d\u2019un choix de d\u00e9veloppement qu\u2019il faudrait accorder \u00e0 la p\u00eache artisanale.\">This is an additional argument for proponents of a development choice that should be given to artisanal fisheries.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Cette appr\u00e9ciation met en avant qu'en tant que r\u00e9seau de valeurs \u00e9conomiques ancr\u00e9s localement, la p\u00eache artisanale distribue relativement mieux les co\u00fbts et les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices que la p\u00eache industriel.\">This assessment highlights that as locally anchored economic value chains, small-scale fishing distributes costs and benefits relatively better than industrial fishing.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Ceci est en contreposition \u00e0 une approche pouvant \u00eatre associ\u00e9e \u00e0 une sorte de mythe comme quoi le d\u00e9veloppement de ce secteur devrait passer par son industrialisation \u00e0 outrance (l'ensemble des phases, de la capture \u00e0 la valorisation et commercialisation des produits).\">This is in opposition to an approach associated with a sort of myth that fisheries development should go towards complete industrialisation (all phases of the value chain, from capture to marketing).\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Il en est ainsi du cas du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal o\u00f9, d\u00e8s les ind\u00e9pendances en 1960, les autorit\u00e9s avaient fond\u00e9 tout leur espoir sur l\u2019industrialisation de la p\u00eache artisanale jug\u00e9e comme \u00ab vou\u00e9e \u00e0 sa propre disparition \u00bb.\">This was prevalent in Senegal, where, since independence in 1960, the authorities had based all their hopes on the industrialisation of small-scale fishing deemed \u00abdoomed to its own demise\u00bb.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Mais cette assertion n'a pas r\u00e9sist\u00e9 \u00e0 l'analyse des faits quand on constate aujourd'hui la place de la p\u00eache artisanale dans l'\u00e9conomie globale des p\u00eaches de capture (ex : pas moins de 65% des volumes export\u00e9s par les usines proviennent\">But this assertion has not withstood the analysis of the facts when we see today the place of small-scale fishing in the overall economy of capture fisheries (ex: not less than 65% of the volumes exported by the factories come from\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"de la p\u00eache artisanale).\">artisanal fisheries).\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"J.P. Chevaux, dans l\u2019un de ses travaux parlait, en faisant allusion au dynamisme de cette p\u00eache artisanale de \u00ab D\u00e9veloppement sans d\u00e9veloppeurs \u00bb.\">J.P. Chevaux, in one of his works, referring to the dynamism of this artisanal fishery, spoke of \u00abdevelopment without developers\u00bb.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\">Conversely, IUU fishing (illegal, unregistered, unregulated) as it is practised in particular by industrial vessels flying different flags, which are responsible for half of the catches in the sub-region and more than three fourth in Guinea, compromises the resource to such an extent that the local and sub-regional economy\u00a0<span class=\"\">based on artisanal fishing risks of breaking down. The significant decrease of catch per unit of effort in these small-scale fisheries are pointing in that direction.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0(1, 2, 3).<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\">In a West African context where the authorities are still looking for financial means to support decentralisation, the artisanal fisheries, from the perspectives it offers from what we have seen in the port of Boulbinet, could be a good source of inspiration provided that it is protected from unfair competition from industrialists.\u00a0<span class=\"\">In fact, compared to the industrial fishing port located not far away, Boulbinet, like all artisanal fishing ports, has the following advantages: (i) opened up to the public thus offering opportunities to carry out income-generating activities for thousands of<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"\">people with no other alternative (ii) the \u00abatomised distribution\u00bb providing prospects for widely distributed local development compared to industrial ports located in one and only one site given the investment in hard infrastructure needed and where the benefits accree only to few owners<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"\">and investors.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4736\" src=\"http:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Industrial_vs_ss-Catches.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"284\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Industrial_vs_ss-Catches-200x142.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Industrial_vs_ss-Catches-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Industrial_vs_ss-Catches.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\">(1) Belhabib, D., Doumbouya, A., Diallo, I., Traore, S., Camara, Y., Copeland, D., Gorez, B., Harper, S., Zeller, D. and Pauly, D. (2013). Guinean fisheries, past, present and&#8230; future?. pp 91-104. In: Belhabib, D., Zeller, D., Harper, S. and Pauly, D. (eds.), Marine fisheries catches in West Africa, 1950-2010, part I.\u00a0<em>Fisheries Centre Research Reports,<\/em>\u00a020(3). Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Canada [ISSN 1198-6727] and\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.seaaroundus.org\/data\/#\/eez\/324?chart=catch-chart&amp;dimension=taxon&amp;measure=tonnage&amp;limit=10\">graph<\/a>\u00a0with catches between 1950 and 2012 that can be shown according to different selection criteria.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\">(2) Belhabib D, Sumaila UR, Lam VWY, Zeller D, Le Billon P, Abou Kane E, et al. (2015). Euros vs. Yuan: Comparing European and Chinese Fishing Access in West Africa.\u00a0<em>PLoS ONE,<\/em>\u00a010(3): e0118351.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0118351\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0118351<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(3)\u00a0<span lang=\"zxx\">Belhabib D, Sumaila UR and Pauly<\/span>\u00a0D (2015). Feeding the poor: Contribution of West African fisheries to\u00a0employment and food security.\u00a0<em><span lang=\"zxx\">Ocean &amp; Coastal Management<\/span><\/em>, 111:72-81.\u00a0<span lang=\"zxx\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2015.04.010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2015.04.010<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-983bc72b43767529d fusion-toggle-has-divider\" style=\"--awb-title-color:var(--awb-color5);--awb-content-color:var(--awb-color6);\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_983bc72b43767529d\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"983bc72b43767529d\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#983bc72b43767529d\" href=\"#983bc72b43767529d\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">7. Then, were are we with our ambitions for sustainable fisheries?<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"983bc72b43767529d\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_983bc72b43767529d\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"\">The fisheries administration of the Republic of Guinea, in its efforts to sustainably manage its resources has put in place a number of measures.\u00a0These are in the context of its public policy, but also in the framework of the various agreements maintained with third countries and other actors of sustainable development (Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission (SRFC), the Regional Partnership for the Conservation of the Coastal and Marine Zones\u00a0in West Africa (PRCM), the West Africa Regional Program of the World Bank (PRAO), etc.).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"\">But like in other countries in the subregion, there is the question of their implementation.<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"\">Indeed, as demonstrated by a country-by-country analysis of the effectiveness of Monitoring, Control and Surveillance (MCS) to counteract industrial IUU fishing, the annual economic losses are dramatic for countries needing to invest for their overall development and protect their resources<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"\">for sustainable use (4).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span title=\"Entretemps, le filet \u00e0 monofilament est interdit pour la p\u00eache artisanale, mais bon march\u00e9 et facile \u00e0 procurer.\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4741 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/MonofilamentBoulbinet.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/MonofilamentBoulbinet-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/MonofilamentBoulbinet-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/MonofilamentBoulbinet.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/>Meanwhile, the\u00a0<strong>monofilament nets<\/strong>\u00a0are prohibited for artisanal fishing, but cheap and easy to procure.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"L\u2019usage de cet engin nocif a tendance \u00e0 se g\u00e9n\u00e9raliser comme on peut le constater au niveau du port.\">The use of this harmful gear tends to become widespread as can be seen at port level.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Cet engin, comme l\u2019attestent certains vieux p\u00eacheurs et quelques femmes impliqu\u00e9es dans le mareyage en frais et le fumage, cause d\u2019importants d\u00e9g\u00e2ts en d\u00e9gradant les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes marins par peu de s\u00e9lectivit\u00e9 et pollution de l'environnement lors des importantes pertes de filets.\">This gear, as evidenced by some old fishermen and some women involved in the fish trade and smoking, causes significant damage by degrading marine ecosystems through its poor selectivity and environmental pollution resulting from major losses of nets.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Les quantit\u00e9s de juv\u00e9niles d\u00e9barqu\u00e9es par ces filets et faisant l\u2019objet de pertes apr\u00e8s-capture sont de plus en plus importantes quand on compare avec les ann\u00e9es d\u2019avant (voir entretien avec M. Soumah).\">The quantities of juveniles landed by these nets and subject to post-harvest losses are increasing compared with the years before (see\u00a0<a href=\"\/between-tradition-and-modernity\/interview-with-f-soumah-leader-of-artisanal-fishers\/\">interview<\/a>\u00a0with Mr. Soumah).\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Selon ce leader charismatique, au-del\u00e0 des dommages environnementaux engendr\u00e9s par cet engin avec les captures de juv\u00e9niles, c\u2019est la question que des communaut\u00e9s de p\u00eacheurs doivent avoir int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 reduire leur impact pour pouvoir continuer de d\u00e9pendre des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes marins. \">According to this charismatic leader, beyond the environmental damage caused by this gear, the fishing communities must have interest in reducing their impact, particularly the catch of juveniles, in order to continue to be able to rely on marine ecosystems for a living.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span title=\"Pourquoi y a t'il une esp\u00e8ce de status quoi entre l'administration halieutique et les acteurs des fili\u00e8res des p\u00eacheries ?\">Why is there a kind of\u00a0<em>status quo<\/em>\u00a0between the fisheries administration and the actors in the fisheries sector?\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Nous avons r\u00e9p\u00e9r\u00e9s diff\u00e9rentes r\u00e9ponses.\">We have found different answers.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\">The effective capacity for\u00a0<strong>maritime surveillance<\/strong>\u00a0and administrative and judicial prosecution of shipowners and industrial crews whose convictions are confirmed is not easy to develop and maintain.\u00a0<span class=\"\">Especially since the administrations in place seem not yet well prepared to cope with major economic interests and very varied criminal methods as presented recently at a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/index.php\/en\/review\/other\/1842-crime-en\">conference<\/a>\u00a0in the European Parliament on international organised crime associated with the fishing industry.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"\">The increase in the number of domestic artisanal fishers, plus migrants from several nationalities in the subregion who tend to settle down, constitutes a contribution to the country&#8217;s economy, but at the same time poses a problem for the\u00a0<strong>sustainability of resources<\/strong>\u00a0in the region.<\/span>\u00a0This becomes a problem to\u00a0<span class=\"\">the extent to which massive IUU fishing adds to the catch of artisanal fisheries and competes with them directly.<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"\">Monitoring and control is not yet as strict as it should be for the sector as a whole, including small-scale fisheries.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span title=\"Le d\u00e9placement des probl\u00e8mes des contextes nationaux (niveau de chaque Etat) vers le niveau sous-r\u00e9gional n\u2019est pas la seule solution \u00e0 envisager.\">Moving the problems from the national context (level of each state) to the sub-regional level is not the only solution to consider.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Il est vrai que : \u00ab A probl\u00e8me de dimension r\u00e9gionale, solution \u00e0 caract\u00e8re r\u00e9gional \u00bb, mais cette fa\u00e7on de tout ramener \u00e0 une approche sous-r\u00e9gionale constitue parfois un r\u00e9el frein \u00e0 toute recherche de solution, car elle peut d\u00e9vier l'action de ce\">It is true that \u00abA problem of regional dimension, needs a regional solution\u00bb, but this way of reducing everything to a sub-regional approach is sometimes a real obstacle to any search for a solution, because it can distract from a measure\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"qui serait d\u00e9j\u00e0 faisable et n\u00e9cessaire au niveau local et national.\">already feasible and necessary at the local and national level.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"L\u2019exemple des organisations de p\u00eacheurs a \u00e9t\u00e9 souvent cit\u00e9 pour illustrer ces r\u00e9serves en ce qui concerne une approche sous-r\u00e9gionale tous azimut.\">The example of fishers&#8217; organisations was often cited to illustrate these reservations with regard to a sub-regional approach in all directions.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Selon certains de nos interlocuteurs, le transfert de pr\u00e9rogatives qui relevaient avant de leaders traditionnels (\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle communautaire) vers une cat\u00e9gorie de nouveaux leaders des temps modernes parlant au nom de toute une sous-r\u00e9gion sans y \u00eatre toujours bien ancr\u00e9 pose probl\u00e8me.\">According to some of our interlocutors, the transfer of prerogatives from traditional leaders (at the community level) to a category of modern-day new leaders speaking on behalf of a whole sub-region without being well anchored among the people they are supposed to represent is a problem.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"A. Camara, p\u00eacheur \u00e0 Boulbinet, s'adressant \u00e0 nous disait: \u00ab Vous savez monsieur, aujourd'hui les ONGs \u00e9coutent et parlent (\u00e0) des gens qui ne sont pas \u00e9cout\u00e9s par la communaut\u00e9 parce que ces derniers ne sont pas d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s par\">A. Camara, a fisher in Boulbinet, speaking to us, said: \u00ab<em>You know Sir, today NGOs listen and talk to people who are not listened to by the community because they are not delegated by\u00a0<\/em><\/span><em><span title=\"nos communaut\u00e9s.\">our communities.\u00a0<\/span><\/em><span title=\"Que voulez-vous ?\"><em>What do you want<\/em>?<\/span><span title=\"\u00bb.\">\u00ab.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Il faut imp\u00e9rativement tenir compte de ces espaces de pouvoir traditionnel qui continuent encore \u00e0 faire leur preuve au niveau local (\u00e9chelle des communaut\u00e9s).\">It is imperative to take into account the areas of traditional power that continue to prove themselves at the local level (community scale).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span title=\"Les p\u00eacheurs, apr\u00e8s avoir reconnu qu'ils ont leur part de responsabilit\u00e9 dans l'\u00e9tat actuel de crise des ressources et qu'il serait du grand int\u00e9r\u00eat pour leurs communaut\u00e9s, ont cit\u00e9 quelques facteurs n'ayant pas favoris\u00e9 au renversement de cette tendance,\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4639 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Money.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Money-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Money-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Money.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/>The fishermen, having recognised that they have their share of responsibility in the current state of resource crisis and that it would be of great interest to their communities to bring the situation again under control, cited some factors that did not favour the reversal of this trend, such as<\/span><span title=\"dont: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\">:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span title=\"La difficult\u00e9 qu\u2019ont certains leaders p\u00eacheurs - conscients de la situation et pr\u00eats \u00e0 bouger \u2013 \u00e0 convaincre leur part \u00e0 changer quand de l\u2019autre c\u00f4t\u00e9 on laisse les mains libres \u00e0 la p\u00eache industrielle pour faire ce qu\u2019elle veut.\">The difficulty that some fisher leaders have &#8211; aware of the situation and ready to move &#8211; to convince their followers to change while industrial fishing vessels have free hands to do what they want.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Avec plus de transparence dans les pratiques de p\u00eache industrielle et de renforcement de l'application des r\u00e8glementations en vigueur, cela pourrait aider \u00e0 faire bouger les choses du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la p\u00eache artisanale aussi. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\">With more transparency in industrial fishing practices and better enforcement, this could help to make things happen on the artisanal fisheries side as well.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span title=\"Le march\u00e9 c'est le pouvoir de l'argent et tant que la demande de poisson augmente dans des pays riches, la pression va continuer sur nos ressources et avec des administrations (pour des pays pauvres) n'ayant pas assez de moyens (ressources\">The market represents the power of money and as long as the demand for fish increases in rich countries, the pressure will continue on our resources. As our administrations (in poor countries) do not have enough resources (<\/span><span title=\"humaines, institutions fortes, capacit\u00e9 d'investissement et de gouvernance).\">human resources, strong institutions, investment and governance capacity) this is hard to resist.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Aussi, le pouvoir de n\u00e9gociation et la force de coercition requise de l'administration font encore d\u00e9faut face aux armateurs. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\">Also, the bargaining power and the required coercive force of the administration are still lacking against the shipowners.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\">It is time to strengthen the competencies of the responsible administration so that they can fulfil their mandate and become more successful in reducing or even stamping out IUU fishing.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span title=\"Il peut y avoir aussi un r\u00f4le pour les consommateurs de poisson notamment dans les pays riches et \u00e9mergents.\">There may also be a role for fish consumers, especially in rich and emerging countries.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Des actions de sensibilisation sur les effets de leur app\u00e9tit sur nos \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes et les populations \u00e0 faible revenu qui n\u2019ont que le poisson pour les besoins en prot\u00e9ines animales pourraient aider \u00e0 ralentir la croissance de la demande.\">Awareness-raising actions about the effects of their appetite on our ecosystems and low-income populations that have only fish as a source of animal protein could help slow the growth of demand.\u00a0<\/span><span title=\"Des labels s\u00e9rieux de p\u00eache durable et \u00e0 faible impact pourraient aider dans une conscientisation des achats.\">Serious labels identifying low-impact sustainable fishing could help in raising consumer awareness.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\">Returning to Senegal, the head still turns after having faced so many changes since the last visit. At the same time, the problems identified are not fundamentally different from those encountered in Senegal. In the important artisanal landing places one finds more and more fishermen who have their main base in another village or country, but who come for a campaign or settle themselves.\u00a0<span class=\"\">The idea of an\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.mundusmaris.org\/index.php\/en\/projects\/2017\/1684-academy-en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">artisanal fisheries academy<\/a>\u00a0as a forum for exchange and joint research to deepen understanding of the issues and explore desirable and feasible exit routes seems more timely than ever, even necessary.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\">Text and photos are by Aliou Sall (unless indicated otherwise).<\/p>\n<p lang=\"fr-FR\">(4) Doumbouya A, Camara OT, Mamie J, Intchama JF, Jarra A, Ceesay S, Gu\u00e8ye A, Ndiaye D, Beibou E, Padilla A and Belhabib D (2017). Assessing the Effectiveness of Monitoring Control and Surveillance of Illegal Fishing: The Case of West Africa.\u00a0<i>Front. Mar. Sci<\/i>., 4:50.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmars.2017.00050\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">doi: 10.3389\/fmars.2017.00050<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The fisheries country profile of Guinea produced by the Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission can be accessed\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.spcsrp.org\/en\/guinea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>, while catches since 1950 reconstructed by independent research can be accessed\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.seaaroundus.org\/data\/#\/eez\/324?chart=catch-chart&amp;dimension=taxon&amp;measure=tonnage&amp;limit=10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4750,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13583","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-entre-tradicion-y-modernidad"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13583","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13583"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13583\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13585,"href":"https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13583\/revisions\/13585"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13583"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13583"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mundusmaris.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13583"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}